Transformer

• Transformer is a Seq2Seq model.

• Transformer is not RNN.

• Purely based attention and dense layers.

• Higher accuracy than RNNs on large datasets.

From Single-Head to Multi-Head

• Single-head self-attention can be combined to form a multi-head self-attention.

• Single-head attention can be combined to form a multi-head attention.

• Using $l$ single-head self-attentions (which do not share parameters.)

  • A single-head self-attention has 3 parameter matrices: $W_Q, W_K, W_V$

  • Totally $3l$ parameters matrices.

• Concatenating outputs of single-head self-attentions.

  • Suppose single-head self-attentions' outputs are $d \times m$ matrices.

    • Multi-head’s output shape: $(ld) \times m$

Self-Attention Layer + Dense Layer

Stacked Self-Attention Layers

Transformer's Encoder

• Transformer is a Seq2Seq model (encoder + decoder).

• Encoder’s inputs are vectors $x_1,x_2,...,x_m$.
• Decoder’s inputs are vectors $x'_1,x'_2,...,x'_t$.
• Transformer’s encoder contains 6 stacked blocks.

• 1 block ≈ 1 multi-head self-attention layer + 1 dense layer.

  • Input shape: $512 \times m$
  • Output shape: $512 \times m$
• Encoder network is a stack of 6 such blocks

Transformer’s Decoder : One Block

• 1 decoder block $\approx$multi-head self-attention + multi-head attention + dense

  • Input shape: $(512 \times m, 512 \times t)$
  • Output shape: $512 \times t$
• Decoder network is a stack of 6 such blocks

Put things together: Transformer

• Transformer is Seq2Seq model; it has an encoder and a decoder.

• Transformer model is not RNN.

• Transformer is based on attention and self-attention.

• Transformer outperforms all the state-of-the-art RNN models.

Reference

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